Unit from Peoples Nutrition, Company regarding Restaurants Research and you will Person Nutrition, Farming University away from Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Yards.); (V.B.); (A great.Z.)
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Conceptual
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step one. Inclusion
Drinks about kinds of beverage, coffee, milk products, fruit juice, carbonated drinks, diet plan drinks, energy beverages and you may alcoholic drinks can be found in a massive and you may increasing amount of options. Diversity joins flavor choice, health criteria, and you may lifestyle need, while a number of products are available, it is likely to come to euhydration .
Products contribute whenever 25%–50% from water intake [2,step three,4], hence he or she is essential for fulfilling each day h2o need and achieving euhydration. Moisture has been regarding the fix off regular real and you will intellectual functions .
Although not, this has been argued you to definitely beverages contribute notably towards broadening obesity cost all over the world [six,7], simply because of its times blogs [8,9,10]. In a number of studies, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) practices might have been with the weight gain in children and grownups , while research one to decreasing SSBs tend to reduce steadily the chance of obesity and you may related ailment such as diabetes might have been viewed because powerful . Time consumption out of products has grown considerably over the past forty age of the whenever 222 fat for each and every individual every day .
Nevertheless, products regarding the certain categories do not contribute equally to help you opportunity consumption . The power articles of your own drink and application patterns may indicate if not, we.age., specific caloric products could be consumed hardly hence adding almost no so you’re able to daily energy intake. It’s been debated that replacing sweetened caloric beverages Yunanca bayanla tanД±ЕџД±n with h2o may help treat overall times consumption during the overweight consumers . Nonetheless, consumption of sweetened caloric beverages is an elaborate material that can be looked at not in the caloric sum as well as in this new framework away from diet designs .
Additionally, in addition so you can dinner consumption, some activities such as for example seasonality, physical working out membership and you may sex can affect the fresh assortment for the drink selection and you may contribution to help you full time intake. These issues haven’t been fully investigated; next education here commonly clarify the modern matter-of time intake off weight loss offer and you will of drinks particularly.
Within the an earlier data presented into the Greece, utilising the Liquid Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) equipment, we learned that inside the 984 people, 24% away from intake of water is inspired by beverages . There can be an enthusiastic unequivocal need certainly to after that elaborate during these conclusions, elucidating the fresh share away from beverages in order to total time consumption and you may harmony.